Correlation among General Self-Efficacy,Trait Anxiety,State Anxiety and Test Anxiety
WANG Cai-kang LIU Yong
（Department of Psychology,South China Normal University,Guangzhou 510631，China）
【Abstract】 Objective: To examine relationships of general perceived self-efficacy with trait anxiety, state anxiety, and test anxiety. Methods: A sample of 401 college students were administrated the General Self-Efficacy Scale and two other inventories assessing trait anxiety, state anxiety and testing anxiety. Results: The scores of Chinese male and female college students in the General Self-Efficacy Scale were closely comparable to scores of other Asian samples. General self-efficacy negatively correlated with trait anxiety (r=-0.301), state anxiety (r=-0.422) and test anxiety (r=-0.253). Conclusion: As predicted, there was a negative relationship between general self-efficacy and various measures of anxiety.
【Key words】 General self-efficacy； Trait anxiety； State anxiety； Test Anxiety
自我效能感是Bandura社会认知理论中的核心概念，是指人们对个人行动控制的知觉或信念［1，2］。一个相信自己能处理好各种事情的人，在生活中会更积极、更决断。自我效能感使人们面对环境的挑战而采取恰当的行动。因此自我效能感也可以作为人们在生活中能否处理各种压力的自信心指标。
按照Bandura的理论，不同自我效能感的人其感知觉、思维和行动的方式都不同。就感觉层面而言，自我效能感往往和抑郁、焦虑及无助相联系［1，2］。本研究的目的是通过一个相关研究来探讨自我效能感与状态焦虑、特质焦虑和测试焦虑之间是否存着这种负相关关系。必须指出的是，自我效能感是一个领域特异性(domain-specific)概念，比如一个人作为教师具有较高的自我效能感，而在其他方面则可能不是这样。在我们的研究中则采用Schwarzer提出的一般自我效能感的概念，它指的是个体应付各种挑战或新事件的总体上的信心［3］。
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