大多数霉菌(常见曲霉、短帚霉、支顶孢霉、镰孢霉等)分布在世界范围内的空气和土壤中,与皮肤癣菌不同,一般无溶解角质能力,只能继发地感染外伤的甲或病甲[8],好发于易受挤压的老年人的拇趾甲。许多霉菌可产生特殊的甲变色。一般来说,病甲数目少,周围皮肤无皮肤癣病也是霉菌性甲真菌病的一个临床特征[8]。
不同真菌类型间的混合性感染,临床判断较为困难,但有时临床表现结合真菌镜检也可以大致推断。例如DLSO甲分离伴有慢性甲床炎、病甲周围同时有手足癣,镜检同时发现分支分隔菌丝和假菌丝芽孢两类成分时,要考虑皮肤癣菌混合念珠菌感染。但确诊混合感染必须经培养证实,必要时结合甲病理检查。
中华医学会皮肤科分会基金资助
参考文献
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